Estándares de protección de derechos humanos de las mujeres: herramientas necesarias para la defensa de su participación política

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Uno de los elementos necesarios para alcanzar la equidad de género es la participación política.

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Este documento nos muestra las diferentes decisiones que tribunales a través del mundo han tomado en relación a la violencia política que sufren las mujeres. Estas violencias han mutado a través del tiempo, desde la época en que las mujeres no tenían derecho a votar o participar en política, debido a los estereotipos que relegaban a la mujer al ámbito de lo privado y el hogar, hasta ahora.  Las mujeres todavía se enfrentan a retos colosales para acceder a cargos de participación política de manera equitativa. Desde la violencia simbólica ejercida por los medios de comunicación al juzgar a las mujeres por condiciones no relevantes para el ejercicio de estos cargos (como la apariencia física, vida sexual, entre otras), la presión para la renuncia a cargos, la quema de materiales electorales, el uso de la violencia sexual como intimidación a candidatas hasta el hecho de coartar a las mujeres para no votar o votar en contra de su voluntad, son solo algunos ejemplos de las violencias diferenciadas que las mujeres aun tenemos que vivir en el día a día.

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En el documento también se encontrarán definiciones amplias de las distintas violencias que sufren las mujeres en general, no solo en la política, y los deberes específicos que los estados tienen con las mujeres, para prevenir y castigar los distintos hechos, basados en diversas decisiones de tribunales internacionales y latinoamericanos. Estas decisiones nos muestran como la justicia y el acceso a ella también pueden estar sesgadas por diversos estereotipos, así como precedentes claros de puede aplicarse la perspectiva de género, especialmente en casos de violencia sexual. Desde el OEM, lo consideramos una guía clave para seguir avanzando en la construcción de una justicia equitativa y una participación efectiva de las mujeres en el ámbito político, sin discriminación.

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